Careers in energy and environment

Are you passionate about tackling climate change, developing sustainable solutions, or shaping the future of our planet? This page is your guide to exploring the diverse and impactful world of the energy and environment sectors. You'll find information on the types of organisations where you can work, the various job roles available, and the different ways to get your foot in the door. We also highlight the skills employers are looking for and share valuable insights from LSE alumni and key organisations in the sector. Additionally, you'll find a wealth of resources to help you, including upcoming LSE Careers events, external resources, and useful job boards. Use this page to discover your next steps and find out how LSE Careers can support you on your journey.

What is a career in energy and environment?

Working in the energy and environment sector is a career for those who want to innovate, create a more sustainable future, and directly tackle climate change.  

It's a field with a wide range of opportunities, from designing and implementing renewable energy systems and advising on corporate sustainability strategies to shaping environmental policy with a government body or campaigning for change with an NGO.  

A career here means you can work at various levels – from local communities to global corporations – and in diverse environments, from large energy companies and international organisations to small, specialised consultancies and research institutions. The core of the work often involves using technical expertise and strategic thinking to solve complex problems, transitioning society to low-carbon systems, and protecting the planet’s natural resources. 

Where can I work, what can I do, and how can I get there?

Where can I work?

  • Renewable energy – the distribution of renewable energy is expanding rapidly as technology has matured, and costs have reduced dramatically. Opportunities exist across the value chain from technology providers (for example Vestas wind turbines and General Electric) to large renewable energy groups (for example Orsted and Vattenfall) and energy services groups (for example ENGIE and Bouygues Energy). The Renewable Energy Association has a members directory, searchable by technology and business activity. 

  • Utilities – in the UK there are six big energy suppliers, each with graduate schemes: British Gas, EDF Energy, E.ON, npower, Scottish Power and SSE. Which provides a useful list of smaller utility companies and alternative suppliers.  

  • Oil and gas – typically with global producers operating across continents, for example BP and Shell. Rigzone features a comprehensive, searchable global oil and gas company directory, and the Transition Pathway Initiative tool provides insight into how prepared these companies might be for the transition to a low carbon economy. 

  • Water – the UK has experienced its driest winter and spring since the 1970s. This has impacted the environment (crops, wildlife, and plants) and a drought has been declared in many areas of England and parts of Wales. Roles in the water sector include working as a consultant or an engineer which would require project management skills. You might work on finding solutions to water supply and storage issues, or play a part in solving the wider challenges facing the industry like the impact on the environment, high-energy costs, water scarcity, and rising water bills for households. In England and Wales, water companies include Anglian, Affinity, Severn Trent, and Thames, all of which have graduate schemes. Discover Water holds a comprehensive list of water suppliers. 

  • Environmental consultancies – typically includes divisions within management and engineering consultancies (for example ARUP and AECOM), national and local government, NGOs and smaller specialist consultancies. ENDS provides a searchable global database of over 1,000 environmental consultancies; a smaller list is viewable at Columbia SIPA.

  • Policy and regulation – roles can be found in think tanks, research institutes, local and national government, charities, NGOs, and international organisations. The Environment Agency is the largest employer of environmental professionals in the UK. 

  • Conservation – typical employers include charities, national parks and local authorities. Conservation Careers provides a list of organisations and further careers advice.

  • Sustainable finance and investment - This is a rapidly growing area where finance professionals work to direct capital towards green projects and away from environmentally damaging ones. Roles exist in banks, private equity firms, and asset management companies that focus on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing, green bonds, and climate risk analysis. 

  • Corporate sustainability and ESG - Beyond external consultants, many companies now have dedicated in-house sustainability teams. These teams, found in businesses across all sectors from retail to technology, are responsible for managing the company's environmental footprint, developing sustainability strategies, and ensuring compliance with regulations and reporting standards. 

  • Waste management and circular economy -  This field goes beyond traditional utilities and is a major sector in its own right. It includes companies and organisations focused on recycling, waste-to-energy conversion, and promoting a circular economy to minimise waste and maximise resource use. 

  • Research and development (R&D) - While policy and regulation roles touch on research, this area deserves a distinct mention. Scientists, engineers, and researchers in both the private and public sectors are at the forefront of innovation, working to develop new clean technologies like carbon capture, advanced batteries, and sustainable materials. 

Please refer to our Careers in sustainability page for information on working in renewable energy, environmental consultancies, environmental policy and regulation, and conservation.  

What can I do?

The energy and environment sectors are incredibly diverse, with opportunities spanning a wide range of functions, from technical and scientific roles to business, policy, and communications. While some roles require a specific engineering or science background, many commercial and support positions are also available across the industry.

  • Environmental Consultant - Works with clients to address environmental issues such as contamination, impact assessment, and risk management, often specialising in a specific area like air, water, or land. 

  • Sustainability Consultant -  Advises organisations on how to improve their environmental performance, ensuring compliance with legislation and helping to develop long-term sustainability strategies. 

  • Energy Manager -  Regulates and monitors energy use within an organisation to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and implement clean energy policies. 

  • Energy Engineer - Designs and implements efficient, clean, and innovative energy solutions, focusing on technologies like renewables, smart grids, and sustainable infrastructure. 

  • Policy Officer/Analyst - Provides expert advice on environmental and energy conservation, contributing to the development and implementation of new policies for governments, NGOs, or international organisations. 

  • Waste Management Officer - Organises and manages waste disposal, collection, and recycling facilities, often developing and implementing recycling strategies to minimise environmental impact. 

  • Conservation Officer -  Protects, manages, and enhances local environments and ecosystems, working to raise public awareness and understanding of natural conservation. 

  • Hydrogeologist - Specialises in underground water resources, conducting site visits and analysis to investigate water quality, quantity, and distribution for a variety of sectors. 

  • Climate Scientist - A researcher who studies the Earth's climate system to understand climate change, its impacts, and potential solutions. Their work is fundamental to informing policy and technological innovation across the sector.  - Works in-house within a company to oversee its environmental performance, set corporate sustainability goals, and manage ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) reporting. 

  • Sustainable Finance/ESG Analyst - Works in the financial sector to assess the environmental and social risks of investments, incorporate sustainability factors into financial decision-making, and help fund green projects. 

  • Ecologist - A scientist who studies the relationship between organisms and their environment. Ecologists work on biodiversity protection, ecosystem management, and environmental impact assessments, often in fieldwork or research settings. 

  • Environmental Lawyer - A legal professional who advises clients on environmental laws, regulations, and litigation. They work on issues such as pollution control, land use, and compliance with national and international environmental agreements. 

  • Data Scientist/Analyst - In this role, you would use data to analyse energy consumption patterns, model climate change scenarios, and optimise resource management. This is a crucial, growing area for improving efficiency and decision-making. 

  • Climate Scientist - A researcher who studies the Earth's climate system to understand climate change, its impacts, and potential solutions. Their work is fundamental to informing policy and technological innovation across the s ector. 

How can I get there?

While many of the larger energy and utility companies and government departments offer graduate schemes, many smaller, more specialised organisations will advertise on specialist websites or rely on interested applicants making a speculative approach. Building your network and connecting with relevant alumni and others in the field, eg, through LinkedIn, can be an important way of finding out about possible openings. 

If you're looking to gain experience:

Large energy companies have well-established schemes including insight days, spring weeks, internship schemes and competitions. Larger management and engineering consultancies like Deloitte, AECOM, Arcadis and Environmental Resource Management (ERM) and relevant government departments also have internships and graduate schemes.

In a competitive space, relevant experience is vital to demonstrate your commitment to the environmental sector. Gain experience through volunteering, organise work shadowing, and make speculative applications. Could you choose an undergraduate or master's level dissertation with a relevant focus? Many applicants also have a relevant master's degree.

If you're early in your career:

Several energy companies have graduate schemes that won't require prior knowledge or experience. However, specific schemes may specify that applicants need to hold a related degree (eg, if applying for an engineering programme). Others will require you to have gained some level of relevant work experience (particularly if it’s a graduate scheme which is offering a permanent contract which means you’d stay working at the company after the scheme ends).   

For entry-level roles with an environmental focus, you would usually be expected to have relevant experience. 

Arrange to speak to current practitioners working in the sector about what they do – this offers a great opportunity to find out more and to build your network. There may be opportunities for volunteering or part-time research. 

Some organisations may have insight days, industry placements, and other opportunities aimed at students or recent graduates. 

If you have more experience:

Specialist recruitment agencies can be useful for graduates with several years of relevant experience:

  • acre – includes Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), environment, energy, and responsible investment.

  • Allen & York – includes international development, energy, environment, and CSR.

If you're changing career:

If you choose a master's degree to support your move into the environmental sector, you should also look to gain some practical experience in any areas you are interested in.

Make the most of the LSE alumni network and relevant LinkedIn groups, talk to people and see how you can leverage your dissertation to undertake relevant project work. 

 

When should I apply for roles in this sector?

The application timeline for roles in the energy and environment sector can vary significantly depending on the type of organisation and the specific role.  

However, here is a general indicative timeline to help you plan your applications: 

Autumn Term (September to December) 

  • Graduate schemes: Many large energy companies (both traditional and renewable), utilities, and major engineering and sustainability consultancies typically open their graduate schemes for applications early in the academic year. These are often competitive and have early deadlines, sometimes closing before the end of December. 

  • Spring/summer internships: Applications for competitive spring and summer internships at large corporations, consultancies, and financial institutions often open in the autumn and close by late autumn or early winter. 

Winter Term (January to March) 

  • Ongoing graduate roles and internships: Some graduate schemes and internships may have later deadlines or second recruitment windows. 

  • General vacancies: Recruitment for entry-level and experienced roles across the broader sector (eg, smaller consultancies, NGOs, and research bodies) tends to be continuous, but you may see a higher volume of openings post-Christmas as new budgets come into effect. 

Spring Term (April to August) 

  • Ad-hoc roles: Many organisations, particularly smaller charities, start-ups, or specialised consultancies, recruit on an ad-hoc basis as needs arise. Keep a close eye on job boards and specific organisational websites. 

  • Internships/Volunteer roles: Opportunities for short-term internships or volunteer positions, especially in conservation or research, may arise closer to the summer. 

  • Post-graduation roles: As students graduate, more direct entry positions may become available, particularly for those with relevant work experience. 

Insights from alumni and organisations

What skills are needed or sought after in this sector?

Analytical and research skills: Roles like Environmental Consultant, Policy Officer, and Climate Scientist require strong analytical and research abilities to evaluate complex data, interpret scientific findings, and propose evidence-based solutions. This includes both quantitative and qualitative analysis to inform decision-making. 

Specialised technical expertise: Many of the roles are highly technical. An Energy Engineer needs expertise in renewable technologies and infrastructure design, a Hydrogeologist requires a deep understanding of water resources, and an Environmental Lawyer must have expert knowledge of environmental legislation. 

Data literacy: A Data Scientist/Analyst needs advanced data skills, but a foundational understanding is now critical for most roles. For an Energy Manager or Corporate Sustainability Manager, this means using data to track energy use and report on ESG metrics.  

Problem-solving and innovation: Many roles, from a Waste Management Officer to a Climate Scientist, requires you to be a creative problem-solver. The ability to find solutions to complex, evolving challenges is a core requirement for developing sustainable systems and strategies. 

Commercial and financial acumen: Roles like Sustainability Consultant and Sustainable Finance/ESG Analyst require a strong understanding of market dynamics, business models, and financial aspects. You must understand how sustainability impacts a company's bottom line and how to finance green projects. 

Communication and stakeholder management: Communication skills are essential across the board. An Ecologist may need to present findings to local communities, a Policy Officer must write persuasive reports, and an Environmental Consultant needs to build trust with clients. The ability to manage relationships with diverse stakeholders is vital for achieving shared goals. 

Project management and teamwork: Many roles involve working on complex, long-term projects. Professionals need to be effective team players with strong project management skills to plan, manage, and deliver work on time and within budget. This is particularly true for an Energy Manager or Corporate Sustainability Manager. 

Are there any key trends to be aware of in this sector?

Blog: Changing the world with their wallets – the rise of conscious consumers 

Employer insights 

  • Graduate hiring growth: Employers in energy and environment grew graduate hiring by 22% in 2024, making this one of the faster-growing areas for student recruitment (ISE Recruitment Survey 2024). 

  • Training investment: Employers invest a median of £3,849 per graduate hire in development, with a focus on skills such as resilience, presentation, communication, and teamwork (ISE Development Survey 2025). 

  • Retention: Around 59% of graduates remain in the sector after five years, showing relatively strong career stability (ISE Development Survey 2025). 

  • Salaries and progression: Graduates typically start on £32,000, rising to around £50,000 within three years (ISE Development Survey 2025). 

  • Reskilling focus: Employers are retraining talent from oil and gas into renewables, creating pathways for those with transferable skills (Brightsmith Clean Energy Recruitment Survey, 2025). 

  • Call for training hubs: Companies such as ScottishPower are pushing for regional training centres to meet future demand and plan to hire thousands more workers in the next few years (The Times, 2025). 

Other key trends 

  • Rising demand for green jobs: Nearly half (45%) of all energy job adverts are now classed as “green”, up from 21% in 2021 (PwC Green Jobs Barometer, 2024). 

  • Skills shortages: Over a quarter of UK employers face challenges filling sustainability-related graduate roles, particularly in technical areas. Many graduates also worry that transferable skills are not valued enough (Indeed survey, 2024). 

  • Workforce growth: The UK energy workforce will need hundreds of thousands of new workers by 2030 to support net-zero, with graduate-level roles projected to grow significantly in areas like offshore wind and renewables (Deloitte Net Zero Workforce Report, 2024). 

  • Hybrid work with site presence: Most graduates in the sector work from home one or two days per week, but employers expect more site-based work compared to office-based sectors (ISE Development Survey 2025). 

  • Immigration constraints: Policy changes could restrict international graduate recruitment, with nearly 465,000 foreign-born workers in green jobs potentially affected by tighter visa rules (The Guardian, 2025). 

  • Sustainability as a driver: Employers consistently highlight ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors as shaping graduate recruitment, with “green skills” becoming critical for future hires (ISE Recruitment Survey 2024). 

Where can I find out more about working in this sector?

Interested in finding out more about a career in energy and environment?

Here are some helpful links, including the ways LSE Careers can work with you on your journey.

Events

Resources

LSE Careers resources:

External resources: 

How to network with alumni in this sector:

Look up at LSE alumni on LinkedIn. Find some people you’d like to connect with. Perhaps they studied your course, or are working in a role / company that you’re interested in. Think about how you will introduce yourself, and what you’re hoping to get out of connecting with them.  

Attend LSE Careers Meet our Alum events.

Check out LSE Alumni Groups.

Jobs and opportunities

Oil and gas: 

Nuclear:

Utilities:

Renewables:

Useful websites for those interested in energy jobs include: 

For roles within smaller companies, search specialist recruitment sites such as: 

Institutes, directories and research councils:

Environmental conservation and management 

Environmental protection & control:

 Sustainable development and renewable energy:

Environmental law:

International environmental co-operation:

Organic agriculture:

Pressure groups:

Appointments

If you’d like to discuss your options in this sector, or chat through your current plans, please book an appointment with an LSE Careers Consultant.