What problem solving means in practice
Problem solving is not only about finding answers. It is about understanding what the problem actually is, deciding what matters, and choosing how to respond. Many real‑world problems are unclear, contested, or constrained by time, resources, or competing priorities.
At university, problem solving is developed through coursework, group projects, research, and independent study. In the workplace, it underpins how people respond to challenges, improve processes, and make decisions when information is incomplete.
Within the LSE Careers Skills Framework, problem solving draws on critical thinking, research and analysis, communication, and adaptability.
Defining the problem
Effective problem solving begins with careful problem definition. Jumping too quickly to solutions can mean responding to symptoms rather than underlying causes.
At LSE, this might involve refining a research question or clarifying what an assignment is really asking. In professional contexts, it often involves understanding the wider context, the constraints involved, and the perspectives of different stakeholders.
Workplace examples:
- Clarifying what is actually causing a delay rather than assuming the reason.
- Reframing a task when the original brief is unclear or unrealistic.
- Identifying whether a problem is technical, organisational, or related to communication.
Reflective prompts:
- When faced with a challenge, how much time do you spend understanding it before acting?
- How do you decide what the “real” problem is?
Generating and evaluating options
Once a problem is defined, problem solving involves generating possible responses and weighing their strengths and limitations. This requires creativity as well as analysis.
In academic work, this might involve considering different theoretical approaches or methodologies. In the workplace, it might involve balancing feasibility, risk, impact, and available resources.
Good problem solvers rarely look for a perfect solution. Instead, they aim for a reasoned and workable response, given the context.
Workplace examples:
- Comparing several possible approaches before recommending one.
- Considering short‑term and long‑term consequences of different options.
- Adapting an idea rather than discarding it when constraints emerge.
Reflective prompts:
- How do you generate alternatives when your first idea is not workable?
- How comfortable are you with trade‑offs and imperfect solutions?
Implementing and adjusting solutions
Problem solving does not end with choosing an option. It also involves implementation and review. Solutions often need to be adapted as new information emerges or circumstances change.
In professional settings, this might involve testing an approach, responding to feedback, or revising plans when assumptions prove inaccurate. This links problem solving closely with adaptability and resilience.
Workplace examples:
- Adjusting a plan when initial results do not match expectations.
- Responding constructively to feedback on a proposed solution.
- Recognising when a solution is not working and changing course.
Reflective prompts:
- How do you respond when a solution does not work as expected?
- What helps you recognise when adjustment is needed?
Problem solving in collaboration
Many problems are addressed collectively rather than individually. Effective problem solving in groups involves listening, integrating different perspectives, and managing disagreement productively.
This requires clear communication and a willingness to engage with ideas that challenge your own. Group problem solving also highlights the importance of role clarity and shared understanding.
Workplace examples:
- Contributing ideas while remaining open to others’ suggestions.
- Helping a group move from discussion to decision.
- Supporting a team to stay focused when a problem feels complex or frustrating.
Developing problem solving over time
Problem solving develops through experience, reflection, and feedback. Over time, students often become more comfortable with ambiguity and more confident in their ability to respond thoughtfully rather than reactively.
Academic study at LSE provides structured opportunities to practise problem solving, but development continues through varied experiences and increasing responsibility.
Reflecting on how you approach challenges can help you recognise patterns in your thinking and identify areas for further development.
Reflective prompts:
- How has your approach to challenges changed during your time at LSE?
- Which experiences have most strengthened your confidence in problem solving?